Investigating the factors affecting the development of public transportation according to the urban form (Case study: Pirsara, Golsar, Lakanshahr, and Maskan Mehr neighborhoods of Rasht)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Master of Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Guilan University, Iran

Abstract

The use of public transport is considered a need for society, because of problems such as waste of time, air pollution, higher costs, etc that are caused by the use of private cars. The form of the city, which directly affects the development of public transport, is one of the criteria that must be considered. If these factors are properly identified and used accurately, they can contribute to development based on the needs of society. There are organic and designed forms in the city of Rasht, so it is not possible to develop public transportation without considering the form of the city. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of urban form indicators on public transportation in four neighborhoods in Rasht. The present study is a developmental study using a quantitative method. "Shannon Entropy" and "Cumulative Weight Assessment Model (WASPAS)" methods, have been used to weight the indicators and rank the neighborhoods. In the first step, the current status matrix was adjusted based on the urban form indicators. In the second step after standardization of the matrix, the indicators were weighted by the Shannon entropy method. Then the WASPAS method was used to rank the neighborhoods; Therefore, in the third step, after calculating the weight of the indicators the data were normalized. In the fourth step, the weighted sum matrix (WSM) is formed and the weighted sum of the indicators is calculated. Then in the fifth step, the weight multiplication matrix (WPM) is formed and the weight multiplication of the indicators is calculated. In the sixth step, the variance Q1 and Q2 are calculated. In the seventh step, for the final ranking of the neighborhoods, the Landa (l) value of each neighborhood is calculated. Finally, in the eighth step, for the final ranking of neighborhoods, the value for each neighborhood is calculated. The ranking of the studied neighborhoods shows that Pirsara is ranked first among the four neighborhoods studied. In other words, the impact of urban form indicators on public transportation in the Pirsara neighborhood is more than in other neighborhoods. Golsar, Maskan Mehr, and Lakan neighborhoods are also in the next ranks. This means that the neighborhoods with a higher rank in this study can develop more public transportation, and with proper and principled planning, the situation of these neighborhoods in terms of public transportation can be improved. Due to the limitations of the urban form of Rasht and also the mentioned neighborhoods, it is not possible to implement various modes of transportation such as subway, BRT, etc; Therefore, it is suggested that the existing modes in each neighborhood should be developed according to the research findings. Also, according to the ranking of neighborhoods, despite the suitable form of the Pirsara neighborhood, this neighborhood has the least variety of transportation modes among the mentioned neighborhoods. As a result, according to the needs of the mentioned neighborhood, it is suggested to create a bicycle and pedestrian path in this neighborhood. Also, the Pirsara neighborhood can use shared vehicles.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Abdolahi, A. & Khodaman, Z. (2016). Investigating and Evaluating the Physical Spaces of Smart Growth Indices Using the Multi-Attribute WASPAS Model (Case Study: the City of Yazd). Urban Social Geography, 3(3) (8 series), 79-99. (In Persian).  https://doi.org/10.22103/juas.2016.1831
  2. Alalhesabi, Mehran; Behzadfar, Mostafa and Amirhodaei, Elnaz. (2017). Evaluation of middle scale urban form in accordance with transect as a theory and approach, HoviatShahr, 11(31), 55-72. (In Persian). https://civilica.com/doc/980077/ 
  3. Banister, D., Watson, S., & Wood, C., (1997). Sustainable cities: transport, energy, and urban form. Environment and Planning B: planning and design, 24 (1), 125-143.  https://doi.org/10.1068/b240125
  4. Barati, Nasser and Sardare, Ali Akbar. (2013). Effects of urban form on automobile dependency and energy consumption in Tehran residential regions, Baghe-E Nazar, 10(26), 3-12. (In Persian). https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_3443.html 
  5. Cao, C., Strauss, T., Souleyrette, R. R., & Shinn, R. D., (1998). Transportation and urban form: a case study of the Des Moines metropolitan area. In Cross Road 2000 Conference Proceeding, 1920. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237731570 
  6. Cegielska, K., Kukulska-Kozieł, A., Salata, T., Piotrowski, P., & Szylar, M., (2019). Shannon entropy as a peri-urban landscape metric: concentration of anthropogenic land cover element. Journal of Spatial Science, 64 (3), 469-489.  https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2018.1482803
  7. Chakraborty, S., Zavadskas, E. K., & Antucheviciene, J., (2015). Applications of WASPAS method as a multi-criteria decision-making tool. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 49 (1), 5-22. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279316549 
  8. Chen, L., & Felkner, J., (2020). The interaction effects in the relationship between urban form and sustainable transportation. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 8 (2), 4-17.  https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.8.2_4
  9. Chiou, Y. C., Jou, R. C., & Yang, C. H., (2015). Factors affecting public transportation usage rate: Geographically weighted regression. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 78, 161-177.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.05.016
  10. Dadhich, P. N., & Hanaoka, S., (2012). Spatial investigation of the temporal urban form to assess impact on transit services and public transportation access. Geo-spatial Information Science, 15 (3), 187-197. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313049571 
  11. Donovan, S., & Munro, I., (2013). Impact of urban form on transport and economic outcomes. NZ Transport Agency research report 513, 1-74.  doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.1016.6805
  12. Gharaye, Azadeh; Zebardast, Esfandiyar and Majedi, Hamid. (2017). Explaining the relationship between city form and social sustainability (Case study: 22 districts of Tehran metropolitan), Physical Development Planning, 5(3) (series 11), 79-93. (In Persian).  https://doi.org/10.30473/psp.2018.5260
  13. Ismailpourashka, Reza; Ramzanian, Mohammad Karim and Nabizadeh, Sare. (2013). Evaluation of the sustainability of urban transportation systems (case study: Rasht city). Urban Economics and Management, 2(8), 17-30. (In Persian). https://www.sid.ir/paper/240278/fa 
  14. Jacobs-Crisioni, C., Kompil, M., Baranzelli, C., & Lavalle, C., (2015). Indicators of urban form and sustainable urban transport. Joint Research Centre, European Commission: Ispra, Italy, 1-36.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2788/59611
  15. Jifeng, W., Huapu, L., & Hu, P., (2008). System dynamics model of urban transportation system and its application. Journal of Transportation Systems engineering and information technology, 8 (3), 83-89.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1570-6672(08)60027-6
  16. Kaza, N., (2020). Urban form and transportation energy consumption. Energy Policy, 136, 111049.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111049
  17. Khan, S., Haleem, A., & Khan, M., (2020). Analysing Challenges Towards Development of Smart City Using WASPAS. In Smart Cities—Opportunities and Challenges, Springer, Singapore, 463-474.  doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2545-2_39
  18. Majedi, Hamid. (2010). Today Growth of Urbanization; Deteriorated Context of near Future, HoviatShahr, 4(6), 87-94. (In Persian).  doi: 20.1001.1.17359562.1389.4.6.8.1
  19. Motawef, Sharif and Khodaei, Zahra. (2009). Patterns to Bringing Prosperity, Reconstruction and Improvement of the Urban Worn Texture, Urban Management Studies, 1(3), 127-148. (In Persian). https://ums.srbiau.ac.ir/article_4745.html
  20. Nikpour, Amer; Lotfi, Sedigheh and Rezazadeh, Morteza. (2017). Analysis of the relationship between urban form and access indicator (Case study: Babolsar city), Spatial Planning, 7(3) (series 26), 85-106. (In Persian).  https://doi.org/10.22108/sppl.2017.105094.1091
  21. Nojavan, Mehdi; Mohammadi, Ali Asghar and Salehi, Ismail. (2011). Application of multi-criteria decision-making methods in urban and regional planning with emphasis on TOPSIS and SAW methods. Urban Management, 9(28), 285-296. (In Persian). https://www.magiran.com/paper/1053739/
  22. Rode, P., Floater, G., Thomopoulos, N., Docherty, J., Schwinger, P., Mahendra, A., & Fang, W., (2017). Accessibility in cities: transport and urban form. Disrupting mobility, 239-273.  doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51602-8_15
  23. Sadeghi Ravesh, Mohammad Hassan. (2015). The application of Shannon's entropy model in zoning the development of cities in Yazd province from the point of view of desertification. Geographic Space, 16(54), 113-133. (In Persian). ir/mx32fe 
  24. Saheli, Maryam. (2018). Analytical-news base of Gilan Review. Retrieved on (July 5, 1400) from https://moroor.org. (In Persian).
  25. Salmani Moghadam, Mohammad and Samiyi, Dawood. (2013). Identifying and determining the types of urban textures in Sabzevar city, the 6th National Conference on Urban Planning and Management with Emphasis on the Elements of the Islamic City (pp. 1-17), Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian). https://civilica.com/doc/349456/
  26. Seifolddini, Farank; Ziari, Keramatolah; Pourahmad, Ahmad and Nikpour, Amer. (2011). Explanation of Dispersion and Compactness of Urban Form In Amol City, Considering Sustainable Urban Form, Human Geography Research, 44(2) (80 series), 155-176. (In Persian). https://www.sid.ir/paper/139159/fa
  27. Sharifi, A., (2015). Evaluation of the mixed land use and its impact on urban sustainability. A case study: Ahvaz metropolis. Urban managment, (41), 65-76.  doi: 10.22059/jtcp.2015.54782
  28. Sohail, M. T., Ullah, S., Majeed, M. T., & Usman, A., (2021). Pakistan management of green transportation and environmental pollution: a nonlinear ARDL analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-10.  doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12654-x
  29. Song, Y., Shao, G., Song, X., Liu, Y., Pan, L., & Ye, H., (2017). The relationships between urban form and urban commuting: An empirical study in China. Sustainability, 9 (7), 1150.  doi:10.3390/su9071150
  30. Statistical yearbook of the country. (2017). Iran Statistics Center website. Retrieved on (July 5, 1400) from. https://amar.org.ir. (In Persian).
  31. Tahani, Asadollah; Dahmarde Pahlavan, Mehdi; Rezai Rahimi, Mohammad and Tahani, Hojatollah. (2019). . Strategic urban development planning with emphasis on popular participation (Case study: Shahrreza worn texture), Maremat & memari-e Iran, 9(17), 53-62. (In Persian). https://ensani.ir/fa/article/477585/
  32. Temiz, I., Calis, G., (2017). Selection of construction equipment by using multi-criteria decision-making methods. Procedia Engineering, 196, 286-293.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.201
  33. UTAMI, M., & RUSKAN, E., (2020). The Determination of Reward and Punishment Using WASPAS Method. Sriwijaya International Conference on Information Technology and Its Applications (SICONIAN 2019), Atlantis Press, 696-705.  https://doi.org/10.2991/aisr.k.200424.106
Urban Strategic Thought
Volume 1, Issue 2
September 2023
Pages 42-60

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics