Informal Settlements Analysis of Tehran 19th District with the Emphasis on the Criteria Affecting it

Due to the fact that today's world has undergone changes and transformations in various fields, the growth and expansion of informal settlements and its consequences have also changed. Today the process of forming informal settlements has changed and this change itself necessitates the analysis of the factors influencing this phenomenon. Informal housing communities can be examined from two aspects, first, the unconventional structure of houses is in conflict with the rules of architecture and urban planning and do not have any of the appropriate housing standards, as a result, they are considered as an unconventional phenomenon in the urban system. Secondly, from organized and empowered aspect, the residents of these communities are people who do not own suitable housing compatible with human dignity and identity. From this point of view, demolition is not the final solution therefore urban planners are looking for solutions to organize these communities through empowering the residents in order to evoke a sense of participation in people. The aim of this research is to analyze the influencing factors on the formation of informal settlements in Tehran 19^th district. Also, among the many approaches in order to organize the formation of these settlements, the empowerment approach has been chosen as the chosen research approach with emphasis on the three axes such as residents, management structure and upgrading neighborhoods. This research is an applied research and based on descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population was formed by the municipal experts of Tehran 19th district and the sample was distributed randomly. The data collection method is a library documented and all data was collected from questionnaire. TOPSIS model has been used to analyze the criteria influencing the formation of informal settlements. Based on the findings, it can be noticed that high migration to Tehran 19^th district with a score of 0.504, has been able to be at the top of the examined criteria and reach the first place. In this regard, the criterion of high unemployment rate among the job seeking population, especially women, with a score of 0.484, took the second place, and the criterion that took the third place pointed out that the high population density is more than the average population density in the region, and finally, criteria such as the low participation of residents in the prepared development plans in the region, the existence of social anomalies in some localities, the existence of abandoned and unsafe spaces inside and around the urban context, etc. are in lower ranks. The informal urban settlement in the 19th district of Tehran has economic, social and physical characteristics specific to car settlements, whose formation is mainly due to migration to this area, lack of job opportunities…, and all stages of formation, including primary core has gone through the stages of transition and integration. Therefore, by emphasizing community-oriented planning and paying serious and deep attention to the stages of formation and special social, economic, cultural and political conditions in the creation of this settlement, an effective step can be taken in organizing the neighborhood and empowering its communities.