عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر توسعه شهری شهرهای کوچک باتوجه‌به شاخص‌های شهر بیوفیلیک (مورد مطالعه: شهر تازیان پائین)

Introduction: This study examines and analyzes the factors affecting the development of small cities using the biophilic approach. Biophilic design, which emphasizes nature-centered principles in urban spaces, helps to promote environmental, economic, and social sustainability by maintaining environmental balance, reducing pollution and waste, strengthening local jobs, and creating new business opportunities. In addition to using native natural resources, this approach strengthens social capital in urban communities. Today's urban dwellers, due to living in high altitudes and on several floors of a complex, have distanced themselves from nature, and in the construction of the new physical living environment, the peaceful coexistence of humans, nature, and architecture has not been considered, and this imbalance has also caused problems in urban life; therefore, empathy and respect for nature have deep cultural roots and are clearly evident in traditional Iranian architecture and urban planning (Bitarf et al., 1990). Urbanization is an inevitable trend of humanity and an important symbol of development and progress in science and technology. Currently, more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, indicating that the world has now entered the era of urban society.

Research Objective: The aim is to integrate nature with urban life in order to create sustainable, livable, and environmentally friendly cities. The case study of this research was conducted in the city of Tazian Payin, located in the central part of Bandar Abbas County. Due to environmental problems such as lack of green space, high population density, and excessive use of natural resources, this city requires new solutions in the field of urban planning. The biophilic approach emphasizes principles such as expanding green spaces, preserving and enhancing natural symbols, using local materials, creating nature-based infrastructure, and participatory planning for urban management.

Methodology: In this regard, key variables were identified and evaluated using the Delphi method and cross-effects analysis. These variables included increasing sidewalk spaces, designing native elements, supporting citizen participation in environmental programs, and attracting capital for nature-related tourism projects. In the analysis, all identified factors were considered as a system and as a structure, and the relationships between these factors were measured to extract the top factors that have the most impact. In the defined matrix, the impact of each variable on each other was determined by experts in a range between zero and three, and in the final step, the average obtained was used for the opinion extraction process. Accordingly, the degree of matrix filling is 94.13 percent, which shows the dispersion of the effective variables. The number of repetitions of calculating cross-effects in the desired matrix was 2 times. Out of a total of 324 relationships, 19 relationships were zero, 106 relationships were one-to-one, 136 relationships were two-to-one, and 63 relationships were three-to-one. Meanwhile, relationship two, which represents the average relationship between variables, shows the highest frequency with 42 percent.

Findings and Discussion: The results showed that the development of a biophilic city requires the improvement of institutional and organizational capacities, allocating funds for the protection of natural infrastructure, developing environmental laws, and active citizen participation. Also, strengthening biophilic tourism infrastructure, including the creation of nature-oriented public spaces, using existing natural resources, and preserving the region's biodiversity, are other essential indicators.

Conclusion: This research emphasizes the importance of developing strategic and comprehensive plans for the realization of biophilic cities and shows that implementing these principles in small cities such as Tazyan Payin will not only help solve environmental problems, but will also pave the way for improving the quality of life of citizens and urban sustainability in the long term. Biophilic mixtures in urban development also contain valuable environmental issues that, along with the capacity of human communities, which is also considered by this approach, have been highly regarded by scholars as a powerful guide, especially in small cities. The results and specific context of the city of Lower Tazian are influenced by indicators such as increasing the level of pedestrian spaces, establishing non-governmental organizations related to the development of urban biophilic capacities and developing government lands for biophilic projects, allocating a percentage of the municipal budget for the protection and development of biophilic infrastructure in the city, developing a strategic and participatory plan for biophilic city planning, licensing members to buildin.