امکان‌سنجی مبتنی‌بر اولویت‌بندی خیابان‌ها جهت اجرای طرح خیابان کامل در محدوده بهارستان تهران

Introduction:

Urban environments are constantly changing to meet the diverse needs of their users, with a growing focus on sustainability, accessibility, and quality of life. One of the most effective ways to improve urban spaces is pedestrianization. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean completely removing vehicular traffic. Instead, it involves implementing strategies that prioritize pedestrians while incorporating other modes of transportation. By taking a strategic and flexible approach rather than outright vehicle bans, cities can find a balance between mobility and livability. This method not only significantly enhances urban functionality but also meaningfully boosts economic activity and supports environmental sustainability.

In this context, the Complete Street concept has become an innovative urban planning approach. A Complete Street is designed to serve all types of users—pedestrians, cyclists, public transit riders, and private vehicle drivers—in a safe, efficient, and fair manner. This idea promotes sustainable mobility, improves public health, reduces environmental impact, and encourages social inclusivity. By focusing on human-centered design, Complete Streets help reduce many of the negative effects linked to car-centered urban planning, such as traffic congestion, pollution, and safety issues.



The Purpose of the Research:

This study aims to find the best street in District 12 of Tehran for a Complete Street transformation. As a cultural and economic hub, this district sees heavy pedestrian and vehicle traffic. Implementing a Complete Street would improve pedestrian access, connect public transportation, cut down on private vehicle use, and boost urban livability. The research assesses different streets to identify the most suitable location for such a transformation.

Methodology:

A descriptive-analytical methodology was employed, utilizing the TOPSIS-AHP model to rank six streets in the Baharestan area of Tehran based on four main criteria. These criteria are essential in determining the best candidate for a Complete Street transformation:

1. Pedestrian Movement (0.65): The most critical factor in evaluating the suitability of streets for a Complete Street transformation. Pedestrian accessibility and safety are paramount.

2. Public Transportation (0.34): The connectivity of the street to public transportation networks, ensuring easy access to buses, metros, and other transit systems.

3. Cycling Infrastructure (0.18): The potential to create dedicated bike lanes to promote sustainable transportation options.

4. Private Vehicle Use (0.03): The least important factor, given the focus on reducing private car usage in the Complete Street model.

Data for the evaluation were collected through field studies, urban mobility assessments, and expert opinions, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the streets.

Findings and Discussion:

The analysis revealed that Enghelab Street emerged as the best candidate for the Complete Street transformation. As one of Tehran’s most important cultural and educational corridors, Enghelab Street already sees substantial pedestrian traffic and is well-served by public transportation options. A transformation of this street would bring several benefits:

- Enhanced Pedestrian Safety: Upgraded sidewalks and crossings would provide safer routes for pedestrians.

- Improved Public Transport Efficiency: The street would be optimized for bus and metro access, facilitating smoother public transport connections.

- Cycling Infrastructure: The introduction of bike lanes would encourage cycling as a viable, eco-friendly mode of transportation.

- Support for Local Businesses: A more walkable and vibrant environment would attract more pedestrians, potentially increasing foot traffic to local businesses, which boosts economic activity.

Additionally, reducing the reliance on private vehicles along Enghelab Street would significantly alleviate congestion and pollution levels, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable urban environment. This transformation would align with broader goals of creating a more livable and resilient city, where different forms of mobility coexist harmoniously, making Tehran a more sustainable urban hub.

Conclusion:

This study underscores the potential for Enghelab Street to serve as a model for a Complete Street transformation in District 6 of Tehran. By prioritizing pedestrians, enhancing public transport infrastructure, and introducing cycling options, the initiative would support sustainability, economic growth, and social inclusivity. The findings highlight the importance of data-driven and inclusive urban planning to develop people-centered cities, which focus on long-term improvements and overall well-being for all residents and communities. Implementing Complete Streets in Tehran could serve as a pioneering example for improving urban livability, addressing transportation challenges, and promoting environmental sustainability in rapidly growing cities around the world, ultimately benefiting its citizens, the urban landscape, and future generations in the long run for future development.